Systems Model; Critique - 1687 Words

Critique the relevance of the systems model to the study of politics Models, theories and concepts as approaches for analysing policy and decision making have been developed by political and social scientists to guide the study of public policy, to facilitate communication and to suggest possible explanations for policy actions. This essay is a critique of the relevance of the systems model to the study of politics. A model is conceptually defined as a theoretical representation of empirical data that aims to advance understanding through highlighting of significant relationships and interactions. According to Heywood (2007) one of the most influential models in political analysis is the Political system model developed by David Easton†¦show more content†¦A demand can be defined as a condition or situation that produces needs or dissatisfaction among people for which relief or redress is sought. For example problems such as air pollution, unwholesome food, abortion, urban congestion, crowded prisons and global warming are conditions that may become problems if they produce sufficient anxiety or dissatisfaction to cause people to seek a remedy. For this to happen people must have some criterion or standard by which the troubling condition is judged to be both unreasonable or unacceptable and appropriate for government to handle Anderson (1997). Conditions do not become public proble ms unless they are defined as such, articulated by someone or defined as such. The systems model therefore does not explore these highlighted problems. According to Jackson Jackson (ibid) the systems analysis is criticised often arguing that the model on which it is based does not help discern which part of a political system are essential or influential. It is further argued that it is impossible to predict how or even whether a change in one part of the system will affect another part. Furthermore political systems are not as closely related as the model implies. Political systems are not as static as the model implies Another criticism of the systems theoryShow MoreRelatedadjust herself to them. Irvin Howe, like other male critics of Hardy, easily fails to notice about700 Words   |  3 PagesHenchard has preferred to live his life in the male community in order to define his human relationships by the male system .His tragedy, misfortune, calamity and hardship lies in the fact that he fails to realize the insufficiency and meagerness of this system, and in his incapability to reclaim the loving bonds he comes dreadfully and badly to need. One of the problems of the feminist critique is that it is Male-Oriented .If we study and analyse stereotypes of women, and the limited and restricted rolesRead MoreNew Classical Macroeconomics Arose From The Monetarism And Rational Expectation School Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagesunemployment and economics fluctuation are economics balance under the incomplete information. Unexpected the monetary shock is significant reason for equilibrium change. Luca’s critique take into account the Philips curve should used for evaluate the economics policy. Luca’s critique take for the parameters of measurement model is functions of policy variables, which will follow the policy change to alter. â€Å"Neoclassical macroeconomists believe that the short-term Phillips curve is inexistence. NewRead MoreA Critique of Cloud and Townsend1359 Words   |  6 PagesA Critique of Cloud and Townsend A Critique of: Boundaries in Marriage by Dr. Henry Cloud and Dr. John Townsend       In their book, Boundaries in Marriage, the authors, Cloud and Townsend, present a theoretical model for maintaining healthy relationships, specifically marriage relationships. This examination of Cloud and Townsend’s approach to maintaining healthy relationships summarizes both the theoretical and theological orientation of their proposed model, compares their approach to theRead MoreEssay about RoyCritique1322 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ A Critique of Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model Ashley Taylor Maryville University Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) is one of the most commonly used theories in nursing research and education for today’s modern nursing. It focuses on a person’s adaptation to his/her environment and guides nursing interventions in order to promote healthy adaptation. I chose the adaptation model because her model closely resembles my thoughts on nursing. The holistic approach and value on adaptation thatRead MoreMy Favorite Operating System Is Windows And It Uses1269 Words   |  6 PagesMy favorite operating system is windows and it uses quite a few orange book concepts like object reuse in the form of cache memory, covert channels in the form of Inter process communication, Identification and authentication in the form of username and password and some good engineering practices like abstraction, configuration control etc. Windows operating system uses Discretionary Access Control (DAC) where user or the owner defines privileges and controls the objects. From Windows vista andRead MoreMyra Levine Theory Critique Essay1224 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: Theory Critique of Conservation Model Theory Critique of Levine’s Conservation Model Dana Carroll Nur 600 February 24, 2013 Jacqueline Saleeby Theory Critique of Levine’s Conservation Model Introduction Myra Levine proposed a grand theory of energy conservation. Using the Chinn and Kramer Model for critique, this paper will describe the theory reviewing purpose, concepts, definitions, relationships, structure, assumptions, and rationale for selection. Then, the theory willRead MoreIntroduction. This Paper Will Critically Review Inigo And1258 Words   |  6 PagesInigo and Albareda’s (2016) arguments that sustainable innovation has multiple components, is best viewed through the complex adaptive systems lens and is implemented within organisations in either non-linear, self-organising or emergent mechanisms. Specifically this paper will review and critique the definition of sustainable innovation within the complex adaptive system framework. It will then consider the implications of the research on a medium sized human services organisation, specialising inRead MoreThe Australian Work Health And Safety Strategy1522 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement is to prevent incidents f rom occurring. Accident causation theory are models or tools that are used to assist in investigating incidents in order to prevent recurrence (Boyle, 2012). The construction industry has been identified as a priority industry for Australia (Safe Work Australia, 2012) and will be the focus of the review. The development of an incident reporting template will be supported by causation models identified as relevant to the construction industry. This template will beRead MoreSystem and Change in Industrial Relations Analysis990 Words   |  4 PagesCritique: System and Change in Industrial Relations Analysis As a student of industrial relations, I am often bombarded with conflicting theories and reasons for the emergence and importance of this field. Edmond Heery outlines and analyses the justaposition of two different views of modeling this vast and often debated area of industrial relations. His article looks at two types of model building in IR. First, the traditional model of systems-thinking set forth by John Dunlop, one of the pioneersRead MoreStudy questions Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pageschanged since its origins? Why is globalization difficult to define? What are the different spheres of globalization? What processes are involved in globalization? Which aspects of globalization are old and which ones are recent? What are the critiques of globalization? Why is anthropology interested in globalization and its impact on gender? Chapter 2. A History of Gender and Difference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What important social changes occurred starting in the 1960s? How were women

Analysis on The Destructors by Graham Greene - 820 Words

The Destructors written by Graham Greene as a third person view. The story set in London nine years after the end of World War II. People survived from The Blitz. The Blitz was Nazi Germanys sustained aerial bombing campaign against Britain in World War Two.(The Blitz) Everything was in chaos, people lost their home, slept in the underground station and lost their hope for the future. The story is about a group of teenage boys who formed a gang and call themselves as the Wormsley Common Gang. They have a meeting every morning in an impromptu car-park. It is the site of last bomb of the first blitz( Greene,55). Although almost everything in this area is destroyed, there is only one house remain with limited damage. It is owned†¦show more content†¦There would be headlines in the papers.(Greene,58) They believed what they have done are great things, it will make people recognized them and give them fame. I think it is an example of man vs. society. The youth believe they are the underdogs of this society, no one cares about them, they want people to recognize them that they can do something that is significant. Just as The Blitz destroy the whole street, they can destroyed Mr. Thomas house which is the only one survived from The Blitz. Trevor, is the protagonist of the story, there are many conflict that happens in the story where Trevor have conflict with other as a man against man conflict. First of all, he has conflict with Blackie, the old gang leader. Blackies plan was to take free ride from Paris. But Trevor is planning to break in Mr. Thomas house and destroy the house from inside just like worms in an apple. When the gangs vote which plan is better, Blackie know that it was the end of his leadership. Trevors idea are better and more fun for the youth gang that they have never done things like this before. Although Blackie wants to leave because he just lost the leadership, he wants to share this potential fame with the gang together. The other major conflict is between Trevor and Mr. Thomas. Mr. Thomas first showed his house to Trevor, but Trevor betrayed him and lead the gang to breakShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Destructors By Graham Greene954 Words   |  4 Pagesremarked during the later parts of his life. Even Picasso’s genius creative mind knew the potential that destruction has in terms of life; an untapped force of creation and desire awaiting to be fulfilled. In the legendary short story â€Å"The Destructors† by Graham Greene, protagonist Trevor is an intelligent fifteen year old boy who joins a children’s gang in the wake of the Second World War Seemingly set back in life by the horror of the war, Trevor cannot find himself without a certain pain festeringRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Destructors By Graham Greene945 Words   |  4 Pagesreaders to the end is the reason why they picked a story that is more commercial fiction or literary fiction. Commercial fiction drives readers away from the real world, while literary fiction deepens the reader’s awareness of life. â€Å"The Destructors† by Graham Greene is a short story that stresses the tension between social classes following the aftermath of World War II. This realistic fiction grasps historical context to reveal the purpose of the destruction of a house. The Wormsley Common Gang’sRead MoreA Critical Analysis of The Rocking-Horse Winner and The Destructors1240 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of The Rocking-Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence and The Destructors by Graham Greene In both stories, The Rocking-Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence and The Destructors by Graham Greene we see the common theme of wanting to be envied by others because of what we have or can do. The need to do better, have prestige and more power than anyone else is a very common human conflict that is dealt with on all levels of humanity. The emotional environment that man growsRead MoreStory Analysis: the Destructors Essay examples789 Words   |  4 PagesThe Destructors Short Story Analysis This short story written by Graham Greene depicts a group of teenage boys, who call themselves the Wormsley Common Gang, after an area where they lived in. The story takes place in Post-World War II. England, almost everything in their part of town is destroyed, with the exception one house that stands with minimal damage. The house is owned by Mr. Thomas (or Old Misery) an old man who lives there alone. The boys do not trust Mr. Thomas, despite his charitable

Business Communication for Data Management Company -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Communication for Data Management Company. Answer: To: Employees, Data Solutions From: The director, Data Solutions Date: March 31, 2018 Subject: Importance of external communication The data management company named Data solutions that is located in Brisbane conducted an audit process that is a communication process in the company. The company has other branches in Sydney and Melbourne. The reason for conducting the process was to improve the system of external communication. It focused both on the significance of the communication in terms of efficiency as well as the cost effectiveness. The aspects like marketing, promotion of the software products were included in the categories of the external communication. Along with the external process the audit has highlighted some light in the internal communication process as well. There were certain problems that were highlighted in the process of audit. Those were: The employees were finding difficulty in selecting an appropriate method of communication for both target audience and content. The employees suffered from confusion between the traditional form of communication and the digital form of communication. They needed a concrete forum to interact with their audience. The company suffered from poor internal communication system. There was a problem with the network. The poor network made the employees to ignore some groups and a serious problem was faced during the communication. Many meetings were held in the organization and those were useless and it did not have any value at all. They played no significant role in the organization. The meetings could not reach out to the audience and the employees of the organization. The analysis of the problem concentrated on the issues faced on the importance of introducing an effective form of communication within an organization. This is the reason the company wanted to improve the communication system in the organization. The communication leads to the purpose of performing the objectives of the individuals as a result achieving the goals of the organization. This is important as this would make the employees realize that their individual improvement is subjected to the betterment of the organization. This would make the process of communication better in an organization. There are three major problems that have been highlighted in the communication audit process. The first problem is the dilemma experienced by the employees regarding the selection of a proper form of communication. The dilemma was between the selection of a traditional form of communication and the digital form of communication. The qualitative significance of the problem would make the communication effective by using the different medium of communication. In terms of quantity, the company will be able to sell 10% more data management software per month. Therefore in terms of both quantity and quality an effective communication would have a positive impact on the company. The second issue was the poor network that made it difficult for the employees to reach the audience. This lead to the internal communication within the organization and it caused ignorance of few groups that left a negative impact on the company. The qualitative significance of this issue would make the internal as well as the external communication better. This can be done by using a stronger network. The quantitative significance would focus on the increase of 20% sale than the previous month. The third problem was the ineffective meetings that had no worth. The dignitaries did not indulge in a proper communication system with the employees. The company was a medium sized company and therefore they required to grow their business by making designing a proper communication system. The qualitative significance would hold by making a two-way communication. The quantitative communication would include the growth of 100% within a year. In this way the company will be able to expand from a medium sized company to a larger one. The communication system has to be clear. There are suggestions by applying which the company can get over the problems. The employees need a proper training by the experts of communication theories. The training would overcome the dilemma of the employees to use the traditional form of communication or the digital form of communication. The training must include the practical understanding of the lessons of effective communication. In order to solve the poor condition of the network the employees should be allowed to speak out without any hesitation. The feedbacks are an effective plan for this. The employees can share regular feedback in a form which would be kept secret. This would not make the employees feel uncomfortable as their identity will be kept a secret. The supervisors must pay attention to the complaints of the employees and they should be taken into consideration and should be worked upon. In order to make the supervisors effective all the employees should be encouraged to participate. The other way is to take the feedback in the form of one to one conversation with the supervisors that would make the employees feel comfortable. Before planning all these a proper agenda of work should be designed. The memo was intended to make the employees aware of the problems that prevailed in the organization. The memo intended to inculcate a good communication system among the employees within the organization. This would benefit both the employees as well as the organization. Apart from this the company would b able to experience a huge growth in the sales. We will be happy to address any of your queries. For further assistance, the details are provided below. Call-9038008023 Mail- abc.675@gmail.com

League Of Nations To The Un Un Essays - Peace,

League Of Nations To The Un Un During the First World War several world leaders such as President of the United States(U.S.) Woodrow Wilson and South African Prime Minster Jan Smuts, advocated the need for an international organization that preserved peace and settled disputes by arbitration. When peace negotiations began in October 1918,United States president Woodrow Wilson insisted that his Fourteen Points serve as a basis for the signing of the Armistice . The Armistice included the formation of the League of Nations (here after refereed to as the League). And as the years went by the League grew to be a formidable organization. It's goals and objectives were precise, they were to attain and maintain world peace. By 1935 the League had declined severely. And In 1945 the League ended and the United Nations (referred to as the UN) took its place. There were a lot of similarities between the two organizations, however the differences were apparent as well. Scholars have tried to ascertain why the League failed to achieve its goals. What were declining factors? Moreover, is the UN a direct result of those factors with a few modifications to satisfy the demands of the world today. The object of this paper to analyze Whether the UN is a direct extension of the League and if so why or why not and under what circumstance? By 1919 the idea of international co-operation was not new. There had been a few earlier attempts, for example: The International Red Cross in Geneva 1964; International Telegraph Union in 1865; The International; Meteorological Organization in 1878 and the International Court, The Hague in 1899. However, these were all unsuccessful attempts. So, by April 1919 the constitution of the League was adopted in the Paris Peace Conference . The Aims of the organization were to a) to keep peace and b) to improve living conditions of men and women worldwide. The League's Council consisted of the great powers (Britain, France, Italy and Japan) of 1920 who sat on the council permanently. There were three sanctions against a nation that the League took when any nation broke peace. The sanctions they took were i) Moral sanction which was a polite warning; ii) Economic sanction that was when the League stopped trading with the offender and iii); Military sanction As a last resort the League would impose its will by force. No sanction could be used if a nation used its veto. The idea was that collective action would produce collective security, and thereby peace. These sanctions mentioned were ineffective in cases such as Italy's action in Ethiopia (1935), Japan's attack on China (1937) and Russia invasion of Finland (1939). The League's headquarters was located in Geneva and its first Secretary General was Sir Eric Drummond. As a result of the decision by the US Congress not to ratify the Versailles Treaty , the United States never joined the League of Nations. Others nations such as Brazil, Japan, Germany, The former Soviet Union and Italy joined the League but later left the organization . The League declined rapidly from the mid 1930s to about 1945. After the Second World War, the responsibilities of the League were handed over to the UN. Despite the many difficulties encountered since the end of the Second World War, the League's Council has played a significant role in the resolution of a number of international disputes. Between its establishment in 1920 and 1 January 1935, the League's Council examined a total of 76 questions on a verity of subjects ranging from border disputes to the status of war refugees and from reparations payments to disarmament. Of these questions, over 50 were eventually settled to the satisfaction of all parties as the result of the League's Council action. A summary of the League's successes in handling international disputes is too long to list, but the most salient cases included A 1920 settlement between Sweden and Finland over the Aaland (?land) Islands, A complicated Treaty of Versailles-related border dispute between newly created Poland and Lithuania lasting from 1920-1923, The 1922 establishment of a joint administration between Germany and Poland over the status of the territory and peoples of the resource-rich region of Upper Silesia A 1930 plan assuring

A Summary And Critique On An Article On Human Sexu Essays

A Summary And Critique On An Article On Human Sexu Essays A Summary And Critique On An Article On Human Sexuality For My Psychology Class SUMMARY This article relates to chapter one because the Science of Psychology is definitely prevalent in understanding one's sexual orientation. The purpose of the author is to inform the public about the lifestyle of gay men and lesbians. Sexual orientation is the attraction one feels to a particular gender. Sexuality is made up of three components: biological sex, gender identity and social sex role. Three sexual orientations are commonly known as heterosexual, bisexual and homosexual. Heterosexuality, attraction to individuals of the other gender, is the cultural normality for the behavior of males and females. Bisexuality, attraction to members of either gender, as well and homosexuality, attraction to members of the same gender, are not completely understood by scientists. Scientists have pondered the theory for many years that sexual preference is a learned behavior that is developed during early childhood. There are many theories regarding how a particular sexual orientation develops. Some scientists share the view that sexual orientation is shaped at an early age through interactions of biological, psychological and social factors. Other psychologists, psychiatrists and mental health professionals agree that homosexuality may be genetically predetermined. Research over the past thirty-five years has determined that homosexuality is not an illesss, mental disorder or emotional problem. Other objective research shows that homosexual orientation is not associated with emotional or social problems. Because sexual orientation develops in early adolescence, without any prior sexual experience, it is believed that it is not chosen. It has been reported that some people try diligently to change their sexual preference from homosexual to heterosexual with no success. For this reason, psychologists do not consider sexual orientation to be a conscious choice that can be voluntarily changed. An untrue stereotype about homosexuals is the belief that gay men have more of a tendency than heterosexual men to sexually molest children. There is no evidence of this. Instead, recent studies have shown that homosexual parents are quite capable of rearing developmentally secure children who are intelligent, as well as being psychologically well adjusted. There is no evidence that homosexual parents are less capable of parenting than heterosexual parents. Because therapy cannot change sexual orientation, it is important for society to become better educated about homosexuality, thus diminishing anti-gay prejudice. Accurate information for young people struggling with their own sexual identity is especially important. The belief that such informationwhen given to young peoplewill affect one's sexual orientation is not valid. The people who have the most positive attitudes toward gay men and lesbians are those who say they know one or more gay persons well. For this reason, psychiatrists believe that discrimination against homosexuality is based on his or her lack of knowledge concerning gay people. Therefore, educating all people about sexual orientation and homosexuality is likely to diminish anti-gay prejudice. CRITIQUE Homosexuality was once believed to be a mental illness, due to the unfortunate fact that mental health professionals furnished society with incorrect information. Most studies about homosexuals only involved gay men and lesbians who were in therapy. They were seeking help for their problems, just as straight men and women do. These studies, and the misunderstanding of homosexuality, seriously damaged the acceptance of gay men and lesbians. The theories of homosexuals by psychologists, psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, painted an untrue portrait of gay men and lesbians. This unfair portrayal directly attributed to the unacceptance of homosexuals. In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association confirmed that homosexuals were not mentally ill, and it was not until two years later in 1975, that the American Psychological Association passed a resolution supporting this confirmation. Both associations urged all mental health professionals to help dispel the stigma of mental illness that had been associated with homosexual orientation. Since this original declassification of homosexuality as a mental disorder, this decision has been reaffirmed by additional research findings and by both associations. However, when one is reared to believe a certain way, it is not easy to change his or her opinion. Psychiatrists, psychologists and the Lord above could urge one to rethink a learned fact; however, to dispute a theory learned early in life is sometimes impossible. This unfair discrimination against homosexuals is an obstacle to their leading a

Meaning of Instrumental Variables (IV) in Econometrics

Meaning of Instrumental Variables (IV) in Econometrics In the fields of statistics and econometrics, the term instrumental variables  can refer to either of two definitions. Instrumental variables can refer to: An estimation technique (often abbreviated as IV)The exogenous variables used in the IV estimation technique As a method of estimation, instrumental variables (IV) are used in many economic applications often when a controlled experiment to test the existence of a causal relationship is not feasible and  some correlation between the original explanatory variables and the error term is suspected. When the explanatory variables correlate or show some form of dependence with the error terms in a regression relationship, instrumental variables can provide a consistent estimation. The theory of instrumental variables was first introduced by Philip G. Wright in his 1928 publication titled  The Tariff on Animal and Vegetable Oils but has since evolved in its applications in economics. When Instrumental Variables Are Used There are several circumstances under which explanatory variables show a correlation with the error terms and an instrumental variable may be used. First, the dependent variables may actually cause one of the explanatory variables (also known as the covariates). Or, relevant explanatory variables are simply omitted or overlooked in the model. It may even be that the explanatory variables suffered some error of measurement. The problem with any of these situations is that the traditional linear regression that might normally be employed in the analysis may produce inconsistent or biased estimates, which is where instrumental variables (IV) would then be used and the second definition of instrumental variables becomes more important. In addition to being the name of the method, instrumental variables are also the very variables used to obtain consistent  estimates using this method. They are exogenous, meaning that they exist outside of the explanatory equation, but as instrumental variables, they are correlated with the equations endogenous variables. Beyond this definition, there is one other primary requirement for using an instrumental variable in a linear model: the instrumental variable must not be correlated with the error term of the explanatory equation. That is to say that the instrumental variable cannot pose the same issue as the original variable for which it is attempting to resolve. Instrumental Variables in Econometrics Terms For a deeper understanding of instrumental variables, lets review an example.  Suppose one has a model: y Xb e Here y is a T x 1 vector of dependent variables, X is a T x k matrix of independent variables, b is a k x 1 vector of parameters to estimate, and e is a k x 1 vector of errors. OLS can be imagined, but suppose in the environment being modeled that the matrix of independent variables X may be correlated to the es. Then using a T x k matrix of independent variables Z, correlated to the Xs but uncorrelated to the es one can construct an IV estimator that will be consistent: bIV (ZX)-1Zy The two-stage least squares estimator is an important extension of this idea. In that discussion above, the exogenous variables Z are called instrumental variables and the instruments (ZZ)-1(ZX) are estimates of the part of X that is not correlated to the es.

Youth Culture and Moral Panic Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Youth Culture and Moral Panic Portfolio - Essay Example This has left the public ill-prepared to consider the vital greater changes that affect identities across different ages. In his work, â€Å"Folk Devils and Moral Panics,† Stanley Cohen first introduced the term â€Å"moral panic† to refer to the idea as an irregular episode, which when it happens, subjects the society to spells of worry about the principles and values which it upholds that may be a threat. He described its features as â€Å"a situation, group, person, or episode who are viewed as a threat to societal interests and values† (Cohen, 1980). The â€Å"amplifications† that are portrayed by the media serve to appeal to the public to concur with pre-existing opinions on the course of action to be carried out. These opinions are frequently found among members of the â€Å"moral barricade† like the editors, bishops, and politicians. Combined with the views of the â€Å"experts† who are driven to offer their diagnosis, they come to a consensus on how to cope with the situation and the problem either deteriorates or disappears. Even though Cohen in his findings state that the media often exaggerated the occurrences and consequently inciting the panic to be assimilated by the police, some of these panics cause more serious consequences in the society. It is significant to note that â€Å"moral panics† are not just developed by the newspapers, but on many occasions they are debated in the papers. For example, the Guardian in 1993 stated, â€Å"The moral panic and the Facts†, an article that discussed a Conservative Party Conference on welfare expenses turned to be a moral panic on the side of single mothers. The single women thought they were being blamed for unruly youth. Ironically, the media criticized this conference for concentrating on myths which had been dealt with some time back in a Cabinet briefing paper, yet they themselves were accused of partaking in weird hunts.   

MPH 504 - Epidemiology (Module 2 - SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MPH 504 - Epidemiology (Module 2 - SLP) - Essay Example The first source of information for hypothesis generation in any outbreak is case-patients group which will provide valuable information on the "potential sources of exposure" (Meijia, 2006). In case the case-patient is unavailable, family member or friend must be interviewed. In case, the case-patient is a child, or guardian must be interviewed. Based on the size of the outbreak, about 8-10 cases of different demographic characteristics must be selected for the interview. Preferred are those cases which have occurred during the middle of the outbreak and those with typical case presentations. However, it is important to remember that even unusual cases may provide important clues. The following questions may be asked (Meijia, 2006): 4. Given your knowledge about E. coli O157:H7, the descriptive epidemiology of the initial cases, and the results of hypothesis-generating interviews, outline the information available at this point on the source of the outbreak and mode of transmission. The source of outbreak has been attributed to alfalfa sprouts and lettuce. Thus the possible sources of contamination are deer feces, cattle manure and irrigation water. The mode of transmission is

The Things They Carried Essay Example for Free

The Things They Carried Essay 1. Jimmy’s love for Martha is in a very real and literal sense in his mind. This love was constructed in part from a brief encounter they had in the past and established and elaborated on, by his loneliness and battle fatigue brought on by the war. I believe he has constructed this relationship with her because of this. It’s not entirely clear in the story if his love is genuine or merely a catalyst or distraction to transport him away from the world he now lives in, where there is no love or morality only death, pain, and destruction. 2. Jimmy seems to mostly think of Martha when he is feeling alone, when things have become still, or the war has become too much and he has to escape. This is why when his platoon member is in the tunnel, he thinks of her because he knows the place he is in and the danger he could face. It all becomes too much and Jimmy needs to escape for a time. 3. Ted Lavender’s death could be described as a result of carelessness. Maybe in the story he is described of being fearful to the point he was self medicating to numb himself to the reality that surrounded him. On the other hand later in the story the author eliminated the fact of â€Å"in times of war men will sometimes do anything escape†, maybe in some respect Ted was inviting death as means of relief. 4. I believe Jimmy uses this excuse to justify actions and behavior of ordinary men and sometimes even boy’s place an extraordinary and incredibly stressful situations. It excuses him because he falls into the same category of everyone else in the same situation. There are times when men regardless of differences can come together because they all understand a common thread. On the other hand Jimmy’s ranking of Lieutenant places him in a position of leadership and the tie that holds and protects the lives of other and must disassociate himself from excuses to do this. 5. The soldiers make jokes about the war to minimalize what is happening. If you can laugh about something it cannot be that bad. It is also a form of comradely and escapes. 6. The author uses and develops the idea and descriptions of weights in this story to convey to the reader the burden both literal and psychological the soldiers had to endure. Because the author goes into such great detail illustrating to the reader you can almost feel it upon yourself. 7. Jimmy sacrifices his heart at first for one sided love then his duty as a leader and protector of his men. I think he does this because he is human and looking for the same thing everyone else is, a sense of home and normalcy. 8. Jimmy changes in the end of the story by letting go of something that had been weighting him down, pretends to see the love of someone who did not live him back, and has accepted the fact of this situation. It seems he has lost his escape in loving Martha but has gained a sense of closure and will probably help him save his sanity and allow him to be a better soldier and leader. 9. I think the war will seem more real to jimmy now because he is totally immersed in it. He no longer has that place he can go to, to escape. Thinking of Martha and pleasant things and times surrounding her allowed him to be saved from the everyday stresses tragedies, dehumanization’s, and hell of the world of war all around him.

Cystic Fibrosis :: essays research papers

CYSTIC FIBROSIS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ONE OUT OF EVERY 2,500 BIRTHS IN THE UNITED STATES WILL BE DIAGNOSED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS. THIS FACT MAKES CYSTIC FIBROSIS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON GENETIC DISEASES IN THE NATION. ABOUT 30,000 AMERICANS HAVE THE DISEASE, BUT EVEN THOUGH CYSTIC FIBROSIS IS THE NATIONS MOST COMMON GENETIC DISEASE THE MAJORITY OF AMERICANS KNOW LITTLE ABOUT IT. CYSTIC FIBROSIS IS RELATIVELY COMMON IN CALCASTION PEOPLE BUT RARE IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN. THE DISEASE IS VERY UNCOMMON IN MONGOLIANS. FIVE PERCENT OF THE POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES ARE CARRIERS OF THE GENETIC DISEASE.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CYSTIC FIBROSIS, SOMETIMES CLASSIFIED AS MUCOVISCIDOSIS, IS A DISORDER IN WHICH THE EXCRORINE GLANDS SECRETE ABNORMALLY THICK MUCUS. THIS LEADS TO THE OBSTRUCTION OF THE PANCREAS AND CHRONIC INFECTIONS OF THE LUNGS, WHICH GENERALLY CAUSES DEATH IN CHILDHOOD OR EARLY ADULTHOOD. SOME MILDLY AFFECTED PATIENTS MAY SURVIVE LONGER. PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY TAKE PANCREATIC ENZYMES WITH MEALS. THOSE WITH RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS ARE TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS, MOSTLY WITH AEROSOLS THAT RELIEVE CONSTRICTION OF THE AIRWAYS. PHYSICAL THERAPY IS USED TO HELP PATIENTS COUGH UP THE OBSTRUCTING MUCUS. INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION, WHICH OCCURS MOSTLY IN INFANCY, MAY REQUIRE SURGERY.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IN 1989, RESEARCHERS FOND THE ABNORMAL GENE THAT CAUSES CYSTIC FIBROSIS. THIS GENE IS LOCATED ON CHROMOSOME 7 . A PERSON WHO HAS TWO CYSTIC FIBROSIS GENES HAS THE DISEASE . A PERSON THAT CARRIES ONE OF THE GENES DOES NOT HAVE THE GENETIC DISEASE, BUT IS A CARRIER.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  THE SYMPTOMS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS SOMETIMES OCCUR IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH. MUCUS SECRETIONS MAY APPEAR IN THE BABY’S INTESTINES, WHICH CAN CAUSE OBSTRUCTION IN THE INTESTINES. IN ALL CASES, THE CHILD WILL GAIN LITTLE WEIGHT RIGHT FROM BIRTH, BECAUSE THE PANCREAS IS NOT PRODUCING ENZYMES. LITTLE TO NO NUTRIENTS ARE ABSORBED IN THE CHILD’S SYSTEM. A CHILD WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS MAY HAVE REOCCURRING RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, ALONG WITH COUGH AND FEVER. THIS MAY BE MORE SEVERE AND PERSISTENT THAT NORMAL THIS IS A RESULT OF THE THICK, STICKY MUCUS THAT WILL HOLD AND TRAP GERMS IN THE BRONCHIAL TUBES. IT SHOULD BE TAKEN IN TO CONSIDERATION THAT CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS HAVE LARGE APPETITES AND EAT A GREAT DEAL. IN SPITE OF THEIR MALNUTRITION, THEY ART NOT IN PAIN AND DO NOT GENERALLY FEEL IT.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EXTRACTS OF ANIMAL PANCREAS, IN POWDER OR GRANULE FORM, ARE PRESCRIBED TO REPLACE THE MISSING ENZYMES FROM THE PANCREAS, AND THE AMOUNT OF FAT IS DECREASED IN THE CHILD’S DIET. WITH THIS TREATMENT THE CHILD BEGINS TO GAIN

Fasting Feasting Essay

This article attempts a cultural study offood and eating habits in Anita Desai’s Booker Prize short-listed novel, Fasting, Feasting. It shows how the ingestion offood affects acculturation process both in India and America in a multicultural context. Considering Foucault’s view that discourse is involved in the exertion of power, some of the discourses from the novel are scrutinised to reveal an oppressive power structure. Interestingly enough, the power structure of the novel revolves around a gastronomical centre; and parents through repressive familial norms exert power. The linguistic strategies, such as repetition and interruption, used to assert power are analysed by examining appropriate instances from the novel. Further, it shows how the novelist, through a transcultural bundle of representative characters as MamaPapa, Uma, Arun, the Pattons, Melanie, and Rod, assesses the cross-cultural culinary habits, divergences, and subversions involved. However, it concludes with the observation that taking the novel as a dichotomous study of two cultures, the one Indian, on account of its spiritual dimension representing ‘fasting’, and the other, American due to its plenty signifying ‘feasting,’ would result in a myopic reading. Whereas, the real charm of the novel lies in the flux shown between fasting and feasting – a digesting of the best of both the cultures. † †¦ the very essence of Indian culture is that we possess a mixed tradition, a melange of elements as disparate as ancient Mughal and contemporary Cocacola American† (Salman Rushdie) â€Å"From food, from food creatures, all creatures come to be. Gorging, disgorging, being come to be. † (Taittriya Upanishad) In the Indian cultural scenario, there has been a great outcry about the safeguarding and perpetuation of ‘ the Indianness. This implies, apart from * Dr. T. Ravichandran is a Assistant Professor in English, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, lIT Kanpur, India. LUCKNOW JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES: VOL. 1, NO. 1, JAN-JUN 2004 Downloaded From IP – 109. 161. 128. 204 on dated 23-Jan-2012 Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale www. IndianJournals. com 22 T. Ravichandran Downloaded From IP – 109. 161. 128. national identity, a culture characteristic of the country and its inhabitants in terms of originality, purity, sanctity, and exclusivity. However, in a decolonised land that lost much of its’ originality’ and’exclusivity’ in cultural conflicts, negotiations and transculturation processes besides gulping down some novelty from the colonisers and other foreign migrants, debating on a monistic culture is inappropriate.

Deja Vu Informative Paper Essay

The mind is a wonderful thing – there is so much, which remains a mystery to this day. Science is able to describe strange phenomena, but cannot account for their origins. We all have some experience of familiar feelings, which comes to us occasionally, about what we say and do, what we know and see, what we listen and hear. When you walk into the house of a new friend, you realise something strange. The place looks familiar though you have not been there and the people look familiar though you have not seen them. You have been there before, but not exactly in person. A serious recollection makes you realise that it was in a dream, a dream that perfectly portrayed with every small detail the exact room you’re now standing in. Sounds familiar? This is an experience that is not as rare as most people think. For many, these arbitrary feelings of extreme familiarity, known as dà ©jà   vu, come through dreams that some say predict the future. These dà ©jà   vu feelings are all of the dreams that we have each night that we cannot remember. You feel as though you have already been there because you have, in your dreams. The things that dreams show may not be significant, just a random moment proposed to happen somewhere in the near or far future. There have also been accounts where the dreamer claims they saw a catastrophic event occur before the incident actually happened. The study conducted by Colorado State University psychologist; Anne M. shows that this unnatural phenomenon has become more and more popular with time. Multiple cases of this have come forward, all of them experiencing the same distinct feeling that dà ©jà   vu brings. Natalia from Brazil stated- â€Å"I was fast asleep and I was having a dream. A dream where all my neighboring huts were burning down, it was wild; everyone was screaming for help and running around deranged. I was choking in my dream, I was struggling to breathe, I felt like it was happening for real but I couldn’t find myself waking up from the horrible dream and then suddenly in my dream my son had died. I woke up trembling, shivering, sobbing at the middle of the night, the entire dream felt like it was happening, but then I reassured myself that it was just a dream and went back to sleep. Two days after early in the morning I smelt something burning and woke up instantly to find out that my dream had come true†¦.. All the huts were burning down, I instantly went looking for my son, but it was too late†¦ my son was already dead. I wish I would have known before.†- Brazil, favelas. What is your theory on why we experience Dà ©jà   vu? â€Å"The electrical signals that allow us to store memories in our brains can take a number of different routes to arrive at their final destination. If a ‘memory’ in the form of an electrical signal takes a couple of different routes at the same time, it is possible that if one route is longer than the other, it arrives in the memory part of your brain only to find that the same memory has already arrived by a shorter route. This would make you think that you had already experienced the event on a previous occasion. It is a bit like hearing an echo when a sound wave has been reflected via different paths. That’s my theory, and I’m happy with it. – Says Philip Carter, Researcher and Sociologist in UK. â€Å"I think that at some point in our dreams we have dreamt about a face, place or situation and at some point when we are awake we could be doing something similar to our dream that triggers the brain into thinking that we have done this before.†- Says Dean Ferdje, Head psychologist in Stanford Research Institute. â€Å"It is a 7th sense. Some people are psychic; they have full control of retaining information of what they see in the future, and however most of us do not have such abilities. At one point we catch a brief glimpse into the future, usually an insignificant event. That glimpse is stored somewhere in the deep recesses of our mind. When that event actually happens, dà ©jà   vu occurs, it triggers the memory of that momentary glimpse, because of its brevity and depth it is stored in our mind we do not remember having it in the first place. It is familiar, but not recognizable†. – Dennis Ladwe, psych pharmacologist in Australia SMU Psychology Professor Alan Brown identified these facts about dà ©jà   vu by studying different kinds of people, people with different jobs, different age, different personalities and different life styles: * A majority of people experience dà ©jà   vu, roughly two-thirds of the population. * The frequency of dà ©jà   vu decreases with age and is most common among people from 15 to 25 years old. * High income and well educated people have more dà ©jà   vu experiences. * Dà ©jà   vu appears to be associated with stress and fatigue. * Those who travel have more dà ©jà   vu experiences. * Some people report that dà ©jà   vu experiences appear to repeat prior dreams. Even you reading this article can be a dà ©jà   vu.

Raising Finance Essay Example

Raising Finance Essay Example Raising Finance Essay Raising Finance Essay Raising Finance Source of finance Description of source of finance Advantages Disadvantrages Personal sources Peronal sources tend to be the first form of finance used by very small firms. And important personal source of finance is the savings that the entrepreneur accumulated before starting up the business. #Savings are a cheap form of finance as they do not involve paying any interest. #1Jsing savings enables the owner to keep control of the business. This is especially valuable to those owners who are choosing to run a business partly so they can enjoy the independence it gives them. Setting up a new business is always risky. With high failure rates among new businesses, there is a good chance that an entrepreneur will quickly lose savings that have taken a long time to accumulate. #Many entrepreneurs do no have sufficient savings to finance a new business. Older people are more likely to have accumulate savings but it is often the young who have the most innovative ideas Ordinary share capital Ordinary Share Capital are the resources supplied to the company (equity capital) through the issuance of ordinary shares. Ordinary shares refer to certificates/ ecurities enabling owners to possess a portion of the company through contributing to the equity capital of the company in the primary stock exchange market, i. e. first- hand trading of shares. Ordinary Share Capital also contribute to a part of the shareholders funds #Shareholders have the right to vote #Shareholders have the ability to elect the board of directors #Shareholders are able to buy as many new stocks as possible #Share prices fluctuate a lot, which short term oriented investors find very distressing. Some companies go broke, and due to the occasional dishonest auditor you wont be able to see it coming. Therefore you need to diversify a lot, though this is easyto do since you can buy small amounts of shares. #Shares require analysis and hard work if you are going todo better than average. Venture capital Venture Capital is the capital provided by firms of professionals who invest alongside management in young,rapidly growing compan ies have the potential for high growth. Thus a Venture Capitalist (VC) may provide theseed capital for unproven ideas, products or technology-oriented firms. The VC may also invest in a firm unableto raise finance through conventional means. Venture capitalists provide companies with ongoing strategic, operational and financial advice. They will typically have nominee directors appointed to the companys board and often become intimately involved with the strategic direction of the company. Venture capitalists can introduce the company to an extensive network of strategic partners both domestically and internationally and may also identify potential acquisition targets for the business and facilitate the acquisition. #Most venture capitalists seek to realise their investment in a company in three to five years. If an entrepreneurs capital may not be appropriate. #Venture capitalists are typically more sophisticated and may drive a harder bargain. Venture capitalists are more likely to want to influence the strategic directi on of the company. #Venture capitalists are more likely to be interested in taking control of the company if the management is unable to drive the business. Loan capital such as bank loans Loan capital may be obtained from a bank or finance company as long-term loans, or from debt-equity investors in the form of debentures or preferred stock (preference hares), and is usually secured by a fixed and/or floating charge on the companys assets. Unlike debt capital, it does not include short-term loans (such as overdraft). Also called borrowed capital. #A bank loan can be secured quickly; in less than an hour, a qualified borrower can complete a bank loan transaction. #A bank loan can be used in a number of ways; money can be borrowed for many large-ticket items, such as furniture, vehicles or home renovations. #Some loans carry a prepayment penalty, preventing the borrower from paying the note off early without incurring extra cost. There are a number of limitations on the transaction. Good credit is often required to borrow money, and there are stipulations on how the money can be used. Borrowing too much money can lead to decreased cash flow and payments can even overtake income in some cases; this is why many loan payments are limited to a certain percentage of a borrowers income. Bank overdrafts Bank overdraft) a short term loan taken out by a company or individual that is normally repayable on demand. #A bank loan can be secured quickly; in less than an hour, a qualified borrower can complete a bank loan transaction.

Get the PowerPoint - Emphasis

Get the PowerPoint Get the PowerPoint PowerPoint has revolutionised presentations. But too many people now use it as a substitute for thinking. They launch the application before theyve even considered what they want to say or what information will help the audience take in what theyre saying. Too often, the result is as exciting as a presentation on watching a plank warp. The key is to let this tool support your talk, not to let it take over. So heres a two-minute guide on how to write PowerPoint presentations: Intro slide With the first slide, introduce yourself. (Obvious we know, but its surprising how many people miss this one.) This frame can be up as your audience comes in if yours is the first or only talk in the session. It should feature: the title of your talk your name your position. Bullet points To use bullets effectively: stick to five bullets maximum keep each point to ten words maximum write statements, not descriptions cut all non-essential words double-check grammar, spelling and punctuation avoid flashy animations theyre just distracting. Graphics Graphics can add variety. Just make sure they are: relevant not too detailed making a clear point properly labelled. Sometimes a graphic on its own (ie with no text or other information) can work well to hold attention and liven up your talk. Sites like Flickr or CDs of copyright-free images can be useful here if youre on a tight budget. Although 30 spent on a decent image from a photo library can make your presentation far more professional. Holding frames Include holding frames when you want more attention on you. Avoid blank screens, it will look like something has gone wrong. Use your holding frame if you have no suitable illustration too. The holding frame should contain as little information as possible, eg just your organisations logo and web address. Avoid putting too much on your screen PowerPoint is there to support your talk. But filling the screen wont help your cause at all. Its easy to overestimate how much people can read on a slide. So dont stuff it full of statistics and excess verbiage. Whats more, if you put something on screen, remember that people will read it rather than listen to you, so you just end up wasting your breath. Less is more, therefore. (See the point about using images in isolation, above.) And finally Always think about your audience: keep things moving: aim for about one frame a minute vary the pace slightly plan your talk separately You can learn more about writing presentations and speeches on one of our courses.

Aesthetic experience of Shakespeare in Script and Performance Essay

Aesthetic experience of Shakespeare in Script and Performance - Essay Example They resonate with the current lifestyle being practiced today. Today, they have continued to be read and acted on stages and produced as films. The paper will address the different modes that Shakespeare work has been presented to the audience and its impact on them. The effect of Shakespeare works depends on the person who is watching or reading his works. Different people understand authors work differently. While some may want to know the real words spoken, others want to see the real interaction between the characters. Shakespeare works have been presented through books, films, plays, and audio. Their effect varies. Some experts believe active plays are more effective while others are of the opinion that reading his works helps the reader get into Shakespeare’s mind. They believe the reader can create their visual image similar to what Shakespeare intended. Whatever the reason, Shakespeare’s works are of significant influence in whatever form they are presented. A script refers to the written text that guides a play and the characters that are in it. It is often written in such a way that any person can take the writings and act them out without much directing. It is understandable and adequately described to form a visual of how and what should be done in any particular scene. On the other hand, a play is a written dialog between characters that is intended for performance rather than for reading. It is staged and dramatized and may change form according to what the director sees fit. Therefore, a script is written while a play is a dramatization of the script. The depiction of emotion varies between a script and a play. In â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, the classical tragedy love story, the dramatic scene of Romeo and Juliet’s deaths is the captivating and climax of the play. In a script, the reader reads and understands the emotions that are involved in the scene. However, they do not

Religious and Philosophical Aspects in Melville's Moby Dick Essay

Religious and Philosophical Aspects in Melville's Moby Dick - Essay Example The two are secluded and remain in isolation with the sole purpose of investigating religious matters around the world. Ahab does not believe in the biblical story of creation in the Garden of Eden. Instead of having a desire for spiritual nourishment, he stays firm and confronts wickedness. The firmness is symbolized by a whale in the book (Melville; pp.178-179) Ishmael perceives Ahab as a weak man who is only after avenging for the sins he committed. Although Ahab professed Christianity, he was just a hypocrite who was only hiding in the masses. On the other hand, another character by the name Starbuck is unsure about how God should be shown respect. Human beings have weaknesses that sometimes disconnect them with their maker. In order to build a relationship, they must overcome their internal emotions and weaknesses and honor their maker. Due to the disrespect, the alluded Adam showed to the maker, he is eliminated from the universe. Unlike Ahab, Ishmael, who observed the teaching s of his maker is blessed immensely (Melville, pp.153-156). The traits demonstrated by the characters in Melville’s work are a clear revelation of his religious beliefs. He uses the Whale to symbolize the nature of God. God has supernatural powers and is both omnipresent and omnipotent. Ahab tries to go against the will of God and tries to collude with Satan. Melville is of the view that those who go against the will of God are likely to be punished severely (Melville, pp.483-484). In the book, a Priest by the name Mapple uses Jonah in as an example of a person who went contrary to the wishes of God. Consequently, the fish swallowed him. According to the priest, we cannot honor God before we honor ourselves (Melville, pp.344-345) Melville advises that we should forego our personal desires for the sake of worshipping the Lord. Ishmael comes out as a character whom God wants human beings to be while Ahab is demonstrated as a disgrace to religion. Ahab practices

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Discussion Questions - Essay Example s still a big field for most business people and academics to be concerned with it, especially in todays connected and digital world, enhanced by advanced information and communications technologies like the cell phone and the Internet. These inventions in improved communications has also presented a new set of challenges for marketing professionals because of the rapidity of these changes and with it, the speed by which information travels in the World Wide Web by way of dissemination. The influence of the Internet today reaches far and wide; it also influences daily lives in many ways because it has become ubiquitous as more people get connected on-line with the rise or growth in the Internet penetration. The sheer omnipresence of the Internet has presented new opportunities and problems for marketeers as they struggle to connect with their consumers in a digital world. An example of this is the rise of so-called on-line communities put up by the firms to help them connect with buyers but has presented some difficulties for them in most instances, because of their failure to recognize the four pillars of a successful hyper-sociality in tribalization efforts (Moran & Gossieaux, 2010, p. 238) and the primary reason for shutting these sites down. Many big firms, especially global enterprises, have resorted to use of a fancy integrated marketing communications (IMC) but the practice also has its drawbacks. In particular, not many people know or understand what it actually means, because it is still an emerging discipline. It is still in infancy and there is a dearth of literature on the subject (Kitchen, Kim & Schultz, 2008, p. 532) such that what happened is that practice has instead gone ahead of the theories on IMC. The way to counter this seeming ignorance is that proposed by using a consumer-centric perspective that combines both IMC and relationship marketing to sustain loyalty (Finne & Gronroos, 2009, p. 180) among consumers of the company which transcends

Origins Of Alternative Education In India Education Essay

Origins Of Alternative Education In India Education Essay According to one of the view, education has been derived from the Latin word educare which means to bring up or to raise. According to this view, education is process of imparting to an individual certain information and knowledge which was considered by the society. Education implies the modification of the behaviour of the individual by imposing standards of society upon him. Thus, this derivation gives the concept of teacher-centred rather than child-centred education. There is another group of thinkers who believes that the term education has been derived from the Latin word educere which means to lead out or to draw out. Education therefore, means to lead out or draw out the best in man. It is the process of drawing out from within rather than imposing from without. In the Indian Context the Education means The Indian Synonyms of Education are the words Shiksha and vidya. Shiksha is derived from the Sanskrit verbal root Shas which means to discipline to control to instruct or to teach. Similarly Vidya is also derived from Sanskrit verbal root vid which means to know. Hence the disciplining the mind and acquisition of knowledge have always been the dominant theme in Indian approaches to understanding the education. Experimental learning The experimental education is an organic and constantly evolving approach to learning .According to them they believe that anyone can do it. The ideas advocated can be replicated almost anywhere, and can be used, as some are doing, in mainstream (government and private) schools. This type of pedagogy helps in Enhancement in Education. It explores the ways in which children can discover their own talents and interest, at their own talents and interest, at their own places, in their own ways, assisted by teachers, parents, and friends and others-learning in and from their neighbours, their village, their community and the environment in which they live. It tells that how education can be successful in terms of childs own need for knowledge. This kind of education therefore relies heavily on experiential learning which compiles of innovative approaches, method, and idea of learning, aim to be child centred). The relevant and liberating education should include:- Being child-focussed- the child is the centre. The child dictates the pace and interests. Allowing learning in multiple ways. Enhancing the senses through learning. Not being exclusive, there is a (government-prescribed) examination for school completion, nor it should exclusive in the terms of class, gender, caste or religion. Meeting a childs life -enriching needs in compliance with child rights, imparting spiritual values, knowledge of moral, social norms and duties and finally, it should try out to meet life-development needs of functional training of innate talents, and vocational education. The importance of education being child-centred, starting from what the child knows and is interested in, and at the pace preferred by the child. Now Approach to primary education has been formally accepted not only by the one country but also by the whole world including the developed and under developing countries as a human right for almost half a century. Yet, today even we enter into the era of 21st Century; there is only about three-quarters of children of school-going children are able to attend a primary school. In a developing countries large number drop-out of children took place before reaching Class V and there are many others who are never able to reach schools. Although the country like India in which the government had placed a high priority on education in policy statements, every time fails because of proper implementation is lacking in the policy. Thus an India stand with 30 per cent of the worlds illiterates has female literacy rates much lower than in sub-Saharan Africa [PROBE 1999]. The worlds largest number of children who are out-of-school is reached the mark which is close to 59 million are in India, ou t of which 60 percent are girls (Human Development Report 2000, UN).37 percent of the children from India are unable to reach Class V [Haq and Haq 1998]. And this despite the Directive Principles in Article 45 of the Indian Constitution which prescribes that the state shall try to provide, within a tenure of ten years from the commencement of the Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they reach the age of 14. Although after this decision the number of primary schools has increased 2.82 times since 1951 and enrolments have improved, the responsibility of the government for creating a satisfactory infrastructure has in practice not been matched by corresponding out-lays which continue to remain woefully inadequate at around 3 per cent of the GDP. The vast number of maze of literature on primary education in India has identified various reasons for its abysmal state; why children drop out and why they remain un enrolled or not going in the school. In th is space several studies have been done which indicated that the poor quality of schooling is responsible for low retention [Colclough 1993; Bhatty Kiran 1998; PROBE 1999; Banerji 2000; Dreze and Gazdar 1996]. However, most of these studies look at the problem of education within the confines of the classroom. They tend to ignore or underplay the fact that besides poor quality, demotivated or un interested teachers and inadequate infrastructure, there are larger other structural constraints which impede access of children to schools. There are several literature written on primary education in India also reveals that access and retention remain problem areas in this sphere. Origins of Alternative Education in India History Overview The present mainstream educational system was inaugurated in India in the mid-nineteenth century. Over the next century; it almost completely supplanted earlier educational institutions. There had, earlier, been a wide network of small village schools- pathsahlas, gurukuls and madarasas. There was a concept of One Village-One School and was become the norm in various parts of the country, up to the earlier nineteenth century. A large number of such learning schools-reportedly100, 000 was just in Bihar and Bengal. They played important social role and were, in fact watering holes of culture of traditional communities. (Dharampal, 2000).Students from various castes studied in these schools, although there was no such discrimination on the basis of castes, creed and colour. It was open for all but there must have been disproportionately representation in the school, the boys outnumbered girls. Most of the girls learnt a range of skills within their homes; from parents, relatives, and pr ivate tutors- including Arts, crafts, practical skills, agriculture, health and languages. Harking back to the tradition of monasteries and ashrams, schools interspersed training in practical life skills with academic education. As the time goes on within the overall context of decline of local economies, these went into decline and decay under colonial rule. Intentionally the policy was employed by the government to wipe out this community based schooling, and replace it with an alien model. In 1931, Gandhi alleged that today India is more illiterate than it was 50 or a 100 years ago (M.K.Gandhi 1931, Dharampal 2000). He also added that British administrators had à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.scratched the soil and begun to look at the root, and left the root like that and beautiful tree perished. Indigenous education was replaced by an alien and rootless, deliberately set up, as it was explained by Lord Macaulay (1835), to form a class who interprets between us and the millions we govern. Despite the transfer of power in 1947, Indian schools continued in the same mould. Some changes were introduced: the government expanded its reach and network of schools in both rural and urban areas and local vernacular languages were accepted as medium of instruction in these schools. Today we have vast network and number of government in our country and growing number of private run institutions. Yet, the basic format remained the unchanged, a large number of school today based on derivative and mechanistic model. They are designed to produce individuals who fit into modern society and its (Consumerist and competitive) Values, and are easy to govern since they learn to be highly disciplined within hierarchical, centrally administered institutions. Schooling thus, tends to reinforce social inequalities-Class, caste and gender. Affluent Children go to privately run schools, while poor attend schools run by the state because for poor access to private school has become the dream. Despite of Vital differences in facilities and funding, all these schools share a similar ethos. The ascent is on absorbing information rather on original thinking and imagination. The set up is centralised and bureaucratic, teachers distanced from students mostly merely doing a job, while school act as a delivery points for a set curriculum and content. Schools generate failures in large scale-contributing to crises of confidence at national level. Early Pioneers Alternative or the experimental learning to the educational system began to emerge as early as the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centurys. Some of these efforts really mark a significant change and their efforts are still visible. Social reformers began exploring alternative education by the late of nineteenth century. Swami Vivekananda, Dayanand Saraswati, Syed Ahmed Khan, Jyotiba Phule, Savitribai Phule and others promoted the idea of education as a force for social regeneration, and set up schools/institutions toward this end. Vivekananda and Dayanand Saraswati combined religious revitalisation with social service/ political work, through the Rama krishna Mission and Arya Samaj Schools respectively. Syed Ahmed Khan set up the Aligarh Muslim University (originally, Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College), with the goals of imparting modern education without compromising on Islamic Values. Jyotiba and Savitribai Phule were actively concerned with overcoming the social inequalit ies. They mainly work with the dalit children and girl schooling in Maharashtra. There were some Significant educationists emerges in half of the twentieth century included Rabindra Nath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Jiddu Krishnamurthy, Gijubhai Badheka And Sri Aurobindo. By the mid of the 1920s and 1930s, these stalwarts had created the number of viable models of alternative learning, as a considered response to the ills of mainstream education. Some of the ideas were in alliance with the struggles for national Independence and the revitalisation of Indian society. The alternatives emphasised commitments, and reciprocal links between school and the society. Rabindranath Tagore pointed out several limitations of school set up by colonial authorities, in his writings Shikhar Her Fer (1893) and Shikhar Bahan (1915). As a child, Tagore had refused to attend School; he later wrote, What tortured me in my school days was the fact that the school has not the completeness of the world. It was a special arrangement for giving lessonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦But children are in love wit h life, and it is their first love. All its colour and movement attract their eager attention. And are quite sure of our wisdom in stifling this love? We rob the child of his earth to teach him geography, of language to teach him grammarà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Child-Nature protest against such calamity with all its power of suffering, subdued at last into silence by punishment. (Tagore, in Chakravarty1961,pg 218; in Prasad2005, pg81). Tagore set up his own alternative to the prevailing educational system: Vishwa Bharati in Shantiniketan, Bengal. Classes here, were- and still are held in the lap of nature. Vishwa Bharati becomes a centre for excellence in art and aesthetics, creative activities and awareness of local as well as world cultures. Gandhis view resembles Tagores in the emphasis on contextually relevant education, mother tongue as the medium of instruction, and opposition to examination-oriented bookish reaching. He translated his vision into practice through a series of school, starting in Phoenix Farm and Tolstoy Farm in South Africa and continuing into schools set up in Champaran, Sabarmati, Wardha and many other parts of India. Gandhi developed Nai Taleem or Basic Education in which students devoting few hours daily to academic pursuits, and the rest of the day to the performance of Bread Labour that includes craft work, agriculture, cooking, cleaning and related tasks. His approach to education aimed at strengthening village life and communities. As early as 1917, When Gandhi began five small schools for peasants children in Champaran, then he said, The idea is to get hold of as many children as possible and give them an all round education, a good knowledge of hindi or urdu and through that medium, knowled ge of arithmetic, rudiments of history and geography, simple scientific principles and some industrial training. No cut and dried syllabus has yet been prepared because according to him I am going on a unbeaten track. I look upon you present system with horror and distrust. Instead of developing the moral and mental faculties of the little children it dwarfs them. Stage crafts, arts, sports and celebration of festivals from all religion were important parts of Nai taleem. In Nai Taleem there were no textbooks as such, but students were constantly encouraged to use library and can get the knowledge of diverse field. In the library education is not only the motive but exposure to different field or subjects are also required. Educationist Gijubhai Badheka emphasised on childrens need for an atmosphere nurturing independence and self-reliance. He gave this idea an institutional basis by establishing Bal Mandir in Gujarat in 1920, and in his writings, he identified the different facets of idea. Gijubhais Divaswapna (1990) is the fictitious story of a teacher who rejects the orthodox culture of education. This classic piece of writing by him yields rich insights into effective teaching, as it describes experiments in education undertaken by an inspires teacher in a ordinary village school. Gijubhai explains and clearly showed that how to teach history, geography, language and other subjects through stories and rhymes, in a way that appealed to children. He believed in arousing the childs curiosity in a thousand and one things ranging from insects to stars, rather than routine textbook teaching. Gijubhau wrote a number of books and booklets for parents, teachers, general readers and captivating stories and ve rses for children. J. Krishnamurti too thought of education in connection with the whole of life. It is not something isolated, leading to alienation. He looks closely at the process of learning in relation to human life. In the biography of Krishnamurti, pupul jayakar quotes him speaking of that period in his life some 75 years later.The boy had always said, I will do whatever you want. There was an element of subservience, obedience. The boy was vague, uncertain, and unclear; he didnt seem to care what was happening. He was like a vessel, with a large hole in it, whatever was put in, went through, nothing remained.( J. Krishnamurti: a biography. Arkana,1996). He noted that the teachers have a responsibility to ensure thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦when child leaves the school, he is well established in goodness both outwardly and inwardly. Krishnamurti set up two schools in the 1930s, Rajghat Besant School in Varanasi, UP and the Rishi Valley School in Andhra Pradesh, over the decades, the KFI (Krishnamurti Foun dation of India) has kept alive its commitment to meaningful education, expanding its network of schools to Chennai, Uttarkashi, Bangalore and Pune. Like Gijubhais and Gandhis schools, KFI has shown that alternative education can be made accessible to those from underprivileged backgrounds as well. Learning goals are individualised for each child, and teaching aids are carefully designed using cards, books, puppets, stories and local material. A visit to any of this school of Krishnamurti bring to his thought: Education is not just to pass examination, take a degree and a job, get married and settle down, but also to be able to listen to the birds, to see the sky, to see the extraordinary beauty of a tree, and the shape of hills, and to feel with them, to be really, directly in touch with them. Mainstreaming Alternatives Innovation of Alternatives Schools can spread to mainstream Education? Though it might seem fragmented and confusing, the landscape of alternative schooling is certainly fertile! From the range of schools discussed earlier, it is clear that there are people scattered across the different parts of the country, dreaming of a different kind of education, and many who are actually living out their dreams. Most of the experiments are small but fundamentally replicable. They reached out their target population in a meaningful ways to diverse children, from the different economic backgrounds and from diverse social settings. Several Experiments are clustered in Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra with the sprinkling in other places including Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bengal, Gujarat, Delhi, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and others. It is instructive to remember that sometimes, there is no hard and fast line dividing the mainstream from the alternative. Even hardcore mainstream schools gradually adopt some elements of alternative learning in their pedagogy to teach the children. Lots of primary and nursery schools across the country have for instance have adopted the some elements of Montessori and play way methods, through which children enjoy the learning and grab the technique more quickly and efficiently. Widespread questioning has propelled even the government to usher in some improvements. Thus, non formal education campaigns links education to social awareness. The Bihar Education Project ( in partnership with UNICEF) has opened Charwaha Vidyalayas (for children grazing animals) and Angana paathshalas (courtyard schools for girls in remote areas). The Central governments Education Guarantee Scheme, and Alternative and Innovative Education Scheme employ flexible strategies for out of school children, incl uding bridge courses, back to school camps and residential camps for accelerated learning. In some of these, learning outcomes have proved to be of quite a high standard (Education for All 2005). Premier teacher training institutions such as the District Institutes for education and training (DIET) have incorporated a few creative, child centred pedagogies. The NCERT has devised a new, state of art curricular framework for school education. Yes all this is still a far cry from the realisation from the full blown alternatives. It is really sad to know that mainstream education still dominates the lives of the vast majority of Indian children. It mainly depends upon its philosophical foundation which rest on large scale, centralised, examination oriented teaching, with flexible daily schedules and rigid syllabi. In India they are many such examples which can be illustrated to a number of groups who were engaged in putting in their best efforts to bring about significant change in the field of education. They believe in their own work it does not matter to them that their effort was not in the large scale or that it was not visible to all people in the country. They think that if they or their work even influence the few young minds, they set us thinking about the enormous possibilities that would open up if the if local or national government support this changes. The government policy to set up a National Institute of Op en Schooling (NIOS) was found to be the most popular and significant step toward improvement in the field of education. Such a step opens the door to informal and individualised pace of learning, which was welcomed by most of the alternative schools. Indeed it was the first time when alternative learning was coming on their path of main stream professional education. With this government initiative to open NIOS has made possible the following: The opening of school for slow learners Inclusive education for the differently able along with normal children. Delinking of the methodology of a learning programme from the stringent requirements of the Board Examination. Addressing the different pace of learning. Giving a point of entry to the mainstream from an alternative paradigm. In Pedagogy of Hope, Freire writes, I do not understand human existence, and the struggle needed to improve it, apart from hope and dream'(Freire 1996). Keeping the hope alive is not easy. To even identify and explore existing alternatives-however they may be possibility of being imperfect and incomplete but still it is an exercise in hope. So today it is very necessary need to reach and stay close to mainsprings of alternative educational thinking-which nestles within the visions of wider transformative socio-political changes. These alternatives will continue to develop, expand and widen. We are required to shed the notion that There is No Alternative and instead, work toward bringing and actively increasingly cohesive, meaningful alternatives to the society. Why such Education is needed? According to Martha C. Nussbaum, she explains in one of her article that Public education is crucial ingredients for the health of democracy. Recently there are many initiatives has been taken around the world in the field of education, however they are mainly narrow down their focus on science and technology, neglecting the important subject such as arts and humanities. They also focus on the internalization of information, rather than on the formation of the students critical and imaginative capacities. The author demonstrated the live example which she has experienced in Bihar with the one of the Patna centred Non government organisation named Adithi. When they reached a place near to Nepalese border, they found very meagre facilities. Teaching is done mostly outside the classroom on the ground, or under the shade of barn. Students were suffering from basic facilities such as paper and only few slates were available that has to be passed hand to hand. However it was creative educa tion. Next she visited the girl literacy program, house in a shed next door. The daily schedule of girls were little busy as in the morning they went for herding of the goat, So there classes began around 4p.m. about 15 girls in total comes to this single classrooms age 6-15 years for three hours of after work learning. There are no desks, no chairs, no blackboard are available, and there is only few slates and bit of chalks but these problem does not stop girls from coming to the class and the passion of the teacher is also one of the major factor of this binding. The teacher is themselves among the poor rural women assisted by the Adithi program. . Proudly the girls brought in the goats that they had been able to buy from the savings account they have jointly established in their group. Mathematics is taught in part by focusing on such practical issues. Author thinks that there are many things to learn from given examples but few of them can be: first, the close linkage between education and critical thinking about ones social environment; second, the emphasis on the arts as central aspects of the educational experience; third, the intense passion and investment of the teachers, their delight in the progress and also the individuality of their students. Now the author elaborates model of education for democratic citizenship. According to her there are three types of capacities are essential to the cultivation of democratic citizenship in the todays world (Nussbaum, 1997). The First is a Capacity stressed by both Tagore and Jawaharlal Nehru. They emphasise on the capacity for critical examination of oneself and ones traditions, for living what we may follow Socrates; we may call the examined life. This capacity can only be obtain if we train one self, Training this capacity requires developing the capacity to reason logically, to test what one what he or she reads or says for consistency of reasoning, correctness of fact, and accuracy of judgment. Testing of this sort frequently creates new challenges to tradition, as Socrates knew well when he defended himself against the charge of corrupting the young But he defended his activity on the grounds that democracy needs citizens. Critical thinking is particularly crucial for good citize nship in a society that needs and required to come to grips with the presence of people who differ by ethnicity, caste, and religion. Then after she describes the second part of the her proposal Citizens who cultivate their capacity for effective democratic citizenship need, further, an ability to see themselves as not simply citizens of some local region or group, but also, and above all, as human beings bound to all other human beings by ties of recognition and concern. It is very essential that they have to understand both the differences that make understanding difficult between groups and nations and the shared human needs and interests that make understanding essential, if common problems are to be solved. This means learning quite a lot both about nations other than ones own and about the different groups that are part of ones own nation.This task includes showing students how and why different groups interpret evidence differently and construct different narratives. Even the best textbook will not succeed at this complex task unless it is presented together with a pedagogy that fosters critical thinking, the critical scrutiny of conflicting source materials, and active learning (learning by doing) about the difficulties of constructing a historical narrative. This brings me to the third part of my proposal. As the story of the dowry play in Bihar indicates, citizens cannot think well on the basis of factual knowledge alone. The third ability of the citizen, closely related to the first two, can be called the narrative imagination. This means the ability to think what it might be like to be in the shoes of a person different from oneself, to be an intelligent reader of that persons story, and to understand the emotions and wishes and desires that someone so placed might have. As Tagore wrote, we may become powerful by knowledge, but we attain fullness by sympathy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But we find that this education of sympathy is not only systematically igno red in schools, but it is severely repressed (Tagore, 1961, p. 219). Finally, the arts are great sources of joy and this joy carries over into the rest of a childs education. Amita Sens book about Tagore as choreographer, aptly entitled Joy in All Work, shows how all the regular education in Santiniketan, which enabled these students to perform very well in standard examinations, was infused with delight because of the way in which it was combined with dance and song. Children do not like to sit still all day; but they also do not know automatically how to express emotion with their bodies in dance. Tagores expressive, but also disciplined, dance regime was an essential source of creativity, thought, and freedom for all pupils, but particularly for women, whose bodies had been taught to be shame-ridden and inexpressive (Amita Sen, 1999). Story of a Bird A very beautiful story has been demonstrated by the author about the education that if there is no proper guidance is given to teacher towards the children, then it led to the severe damage to childs mind. According to her there is no more wonderful depiction of what is wrong with an education based on mere technical mastery and rote learning than Tagores sad story The Parrots Training. A certain Raja had a bird that he loved. He wanted to educate it, because he thought ignorance was a bad thing. His pundits convinced him that the bird must go to school. The first thing that had to be done was to give the bird a suitable edifice for his schooling: so they build a magnificent golden cage. The next thing was to get good textbooks. The pundits said, Textbooks can never be too many for our purpose. Scribes worked day and night to produce the requisite manuscripts. Then, teachers were employed. Somehow or other they got quite a lot of money for themselves and built themselves good houses. When the Raja visited the school, the teachers showed him the methods used to instruct the parrot. The method was so stupendous that the bird looked ridiculously unimportant in comparison. The Raja was satisfied that there was no flaw in the arrangements. As for any complaint from the bird itself, that simply could not be expected. Its throat was so completely choked with the leaves fro m the books that it could neither whistle nor whisper. The lessons continued. One day, the bird died. Nobody had the least idea how long ago this had happened. The Rajas nephews, who had been in charge of the education ministry, reported to the Raja: Sire, the birds education has been completed. Does it hop? he Raja enquired. Never! said the nephews. Does it fly? No. Bring me the bird, said the Raja. The bird was brought to him, guarded by the kotwal and the sepoys and the sowars. The Raja poked its body with his finger. Only its inner stuffing of book-leaves rustled. Outside the window, the murmur of the spring breeze amongst the newly budded Asoka leaves made the April morning wistful. (Tagore, 1994) This wonderful story hardly needs commentary. Its crucial point is that educationists tend to enjoy talking about themselves and their own activity, and to focus too little on the small tender children whose eagerness and curiosity should be the core of the educational endeavour. Tago re thought that children were usually more alive than adults, because they were less weighted down by habit. The task of education was to avoid killing off that curiosity, and then to build outward from it, in a spirit of respect for the childs freedom and individuality rather than one of hierarchical imposition of information. I do not agree with absolutely everything in Tagores educational ideal. For example, I am less anti-memorization than Tagore was. Memorization of fact can play a valuable and even a necessary role in giving pupils command over their own relationship to history and political argument. That is one reason why good textbooks are important, something that Tagore would have disputed. But about the large point I am utterly in agreement: education must begin with the mind of the child, and it must have the goal of increasing that minds freedom in its social environment, rather than killing it off.

Aztecs 5 :: essays research papers

Analysis of an Aztec Encounter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Spaniard and Aztec civilizations were two completely different worlds whose fated encounter caused some surprising reactions from both parties. Neither of these nations knew exactly what to expect or how to react to each other’s behaviors. Differences in religion, customs and weaponry became the deciding factors of who would be the dominant aggressor in these encounters. Even though both parties were unsure of what to expect, the Spaniards had already set a goal for themselves before they set foot in Mexico. They wanted to conquer the other nation and exploit them for anything of value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The climax of the Aztec Empire and the conquistadors occurred when Motecuhzoma and Cortes met face to face for the first time. The Spaniards as well as the Aztecs had no clue what to expect. Motecuhzoma told Cortes, “Our lord, you are weary. The journey has tired you, but now you have arrived on earth… to sit on your throne, under its canopy.'; This was due to the fact that the Aztec religion told of a god, Quetzalcoatl, who would come from the heavens and take his place as ruler of the Aztec Empire. Thus Motecuhzoma showered the Spaniards with many fine gifts. Unlike the Spaniards believed, these fine gifts were not really a sign of Aztec submission but rather as a sign of wealth and power. In order to give proper respect to their so-called god, the Aztecs had to show that they were a worthy and powerful nation. The Spaniards took this as a weakness. They thought the Aztecs feared them, which boosted up their confidence level even though they were gre atly outnumbered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Spaniards had to communicate with the Aztecs by using La Malinche as an interpreter. She basically made the Aztecs believe that Cortes was a good man and would be cause them no harm. They also had other indigenous people who were allied with the Spanish. The Aztecs must have viewed this as a sign that these strangers would be peaceful since they had others of their kind on the Spaniard’s side. La Malinche translated all that Motecuhzoma had said to Cortes. On page sixty-four of The Broken Spears it says, “Cortes replied in his strange and savage tongue…'; In other passages in the book it depicts the Spaniards as wild and uncivilized. This brings up another point that just as the Spaniards thought of the Aztecs as being barbaric, some Aztecs felt the same way about the Spaniards.

Economics and Boeing Essay

The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual sales Dreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual sales Dreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual sales Dreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which  means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual salesDreamliner 787 case study Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few air Premium1632 Words7 Pages Boeing Summary Buying an airplane is huge purchase, each costing over $ 100 million. There are many factors that have to be considered by the customers. These are customers Boeing deals with every day. For such purchases, Boeing knows that it take more than fast talk and a firm handshake. Individual sales